Bottom fouling clauses are a standard feature of time charters. There are a variety of clauses and some make the transfer of burden for...

Does a general exclusion clause in B/L cover loss/damage to cargo caused by negligence or unseaworthiness? The answer is quite...

If the ship is not financially worth repairing after suffering damage in an accident then it is deemed to be a constructive total loss...

Significant wave height and Douglas scale are two very different measures of sea conditions. If C/P contains reference to both then which...

Once a vessel is hijacked by pirates, there are bound to be many commercial disputes. Hire payment is one of them, as seen recently in...

Are Bareboat charterers under an absolute obligation to maintain vessel’s class or merely have to take steps to reinstate expired class...

Crew member deliberately starting a fire! Can the shipowner avail the benefit of the fire defence in the Hague rules to exempt itself...

As matter of ordinary language ‘cargo claims’ typically refer to physical loss of or damage to cargo. But can ‘financial losses’ suffered...

One longstanding principle of claiming damages for breach of contract, such as charterparty, is that the innocent party has to show what...

It is not often we see a ship owner appealing against a PSC (Port Sate Control) detention order. Breaking the norm, owners of Cielo Di...

A highly debated area - 'burden of proof in cargo claims', provided with much needed clarity last month by the UK Supreme Ct. in Volcafe...

In Gunvor v Crugas [2018] a sales contract was concluded for sale of gasoline CIF Hoeeidah. It required the buyer to pay “demurrage as...