To avoid US sanctions, Charterers sometime make payments to owners in currencies other than USD. What if the C/P provides that freight is...

Breaching the UKC policy for commercial reasons is a calculated risk taken frequently. Sometimes the safety margins are however just too...

Voyage charterparties normally specify how many safe ports/berths charterers can ask the vessel to proceed to. If the vessel needs to...

If laytime is exceeded, demurrage kicks in to compensate a shipowner for the loss of prospective freight earnings. But is that all...

An interesting one for those in commercial operations. What time zone should be used to determine whether a demurrage claim is time...

Can charterer’s obligation to provide for a berth upon vessel’s arrival be triggered without the Master tendering notice of readiness?...

Is a document a bill of lading just because it is titled and worded as such? The question was up before Singapore Court of Appeal in The...

Hull cleaning clauses or prolonged port stays clauses are fairly common in time charterparties. Cleaning of the hull is normally on...

A bill of lading will generally state that the cargo has been "shipped in apparent good order and condition". But apparent to whom –...

What does the term OOS mean in C/P? Is it ‘owners option substitute’ giving owners a unilateral right to replace the first vessel; or ‘or...

A voyage charter normally has rider clauses requiring owners to submit specified documents within a certain period of time when making a...

Submitting false documents for clearance of cargo is never a good idea. In the case of The Muammer Yagci [2018], it led to a 4.5 month...